fa ایمنی شناسی Immunology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Background and Aims: </span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Substantial damage to the kidney tissue and diabetic nephropathy (DN) can be caused by chronic hyperglycemic conditions and exposure to a high level of blood glucose. In the current study, we explored the capability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and Toll-like receptor-4-primed </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">mesenchymal stem<br> cells </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">(TLR4-primed MSCs) on kidney regeneration, resolution of inflammation, and alleviation of diabetic nephropathy in DN in the rats. </span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> STZ-induced diabetic rat models were divided into 5 subgroups, including 1) DN group, 2) DN group received insulin, 3) DN group received human foreskin fibroblast (DN-HFF), 4) DN group received single pulse of 1&times;10⁶ cells of MSCs and 5) DN group received single pulse of TLR4-primed MScs. Thereafter, biochemical and histological analysis was performed on DN-model groups. Biochemical analysis exhibited a blood urea nitrogen level recovery in both MSCs and TLR4-primed MSCs-treated groups. Administration of MSCs also up-regulated mRNA expression of Bcl-xL, while the expression of Bax was significantly down-regulated. </span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Results:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> Histological and molecular results showed that TLR4-primed MSCs have an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect on inflamed kidneys and effectively reduced DN indicators in the TLR4-primed MSCs group compared to the unprimed&nbsp;MSCs group. </span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Priming with LPS improves the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the rat model of DN, consequently lessening the symptoms of DN rats. This study proposes that primed MSCs can be served as a potential therapeutic approach in diabetes mellitus and DN management. </span></span></div> Diabetic nephropathy, Inflammation, Mesenchymal stem cells , TLR4 priming 169 186 http://ijml.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-457-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohammad Tollabi محمد طلابی Tollabi.A2016@gmail.com No Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran گروه مهندسی بافت و پزشکی بازساختی، دانشکده فناوری‌های نوین در پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Navid Ghasemzadeh نوید قاسمزاده Navidghasemzadeh71@gmail.com 0000-0002-0359-3572 No Department of clinical Biochemistry and applied cell sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi علی دهقانی فیروزآبادی ali.dehghani.molmed@gmail.com 0000-0002-9406-9505 Yes Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یزد